GC & GC-MS Biomarker

Q: What's the difference between GC and GC-MS?

GC memisahkan senyawa hidrokarbon berdasarkan waktu keluarnya dari kolom dan menampilkan profilnya. GC-MS menambahkan spektrometer massa sehingga setiap senyawa bisa diidentifikasi dari pola fragmennya. Biomarker seperti sterana dan hopana hanya bisa dibaca dengan baik menggunakan GC-MS.

Q: What's a biomarker in oil geochemistry?

Biomarker adalah molekul fosil dalam minyak atau batuan yang strukturnya masih mencerminkan organisme asalnya, misalnya sterana dari alga dan hopana dari bakteri. Polanya dipakai sebagai sidik jari untuk menelusuri asal minyak, lingkungan pengendapan, dan tingkat kematangan.

Q: What is m / z 191 and m / z 217?

Keduanya adalah ion fragmen yang dipantau pada GC-MS. Ion m/z 191 menampilkan kelompok terpana seperti hopana, tricyclic terpana, oleanane, dan gammacerane. Ion m/z 217 menampilkan sterana. Kedua kromatogram ini menjadi dasar utama korelasi minyak dan batuan induk.

Q: Can GC-MS be used to track the source of the spill or oil seething?

Bisa. Sidik jari biomarker sebuah minyak relatif tahan terhadap pelapukan ringan, sehingga dapat dibandingkan dengan sampel acuan dari sumur atau sumber yang dicurigai. Hasilnya membantu menentukan apakah dua sampel kemungkinan berasal dari sumber yang sama.

Extraction, separation of SARA, chromatography gas, and GC-MS biomarker for oil correlation - parent rocks, environmental intercepts, and persistence.

Biomarker GC & GC-MS service

Chromatography (GC) and Chromatography Gas (GC-MS) Separating and identifying molecules of hydrocarbons in oil or extracting rocks. From this molecule's fingerprint.—Especially biomarker—ahli geokimia dapat menelusuri asal minyak, lingkungan pengendapan batuan induknya, tingkat kematangan, hingga tingkat biodegradasi. BSILAB menyediakan rangkaian analisis ini mulai dari ekstraksi bahan organik, pemisahan fraksi, GC, hingga GC-MS. Analisis GC, GC-MS, ekstraksi, dan SARA dikerjakan in-house di laboratorium geokimia BSILAB.

Analytic sequence

Extraction of concentrated organic material (EOM) — For rock samples, the bituses were extracted with organic solvent.
Pemisahan fraksi (Liquid Chromatography / SARA) — Extractions or oil separated into parts of saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphalt.
GC whole oil / extract — distribution profiles and isoprenoid.
GC-MS — Biomarker identification of saturate and aromatic fractions, particularly floored (m / z 191) and sterana (m / z 217).
Carbon isotopes The saturate and aromatic fractions as correlation support data.

GC and GC-MS biomarker flow diagram — A series of analysis from rock or oil samples to GC-MS biomarker interpretation.

BSILAB analysts did an organic extraction of materials in the lab extraction room. — The organic extraction room in the BSILAB lab.

What can GC & GC-MS answer?

Question	Data to use
This oil is from which mother rock? (oil correlation - parent rocks)	sterana & floored patterns, biomarker ratio, carbon isotope
Is the oil in two wells from the same source? (oil correlation)	GC fingerprints and biomarker
How's the holding of the mother rock?	Pr / Ph, C sterana distribution₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉, gammacerane
Are there contributions to flowering land plants?	Oleanane
How mature is the oil or the extremes?	Ts / Tm, isomerization sterana C₂₉ 20S / (20S + 20R)
Is the oil biodegraded?	Missing is relative to isoprenoid, showing 25-norhopana.
The origin of oil oil or oil spill	Biomarker fingerprint compared to reference sample

Parameters are generally reported

Parameter	Data source	General indications
Pristana / Fitana (Pr / Ph)	GC	Low value ( 3) tends to have land organic material in an octical state
Pr / n-C₁₇, Ph / n-C₁₈	GC	Stability, environment, and biodegradation
CPI (Carbon Preference Index)	GC	The value far above 1 shows the contribution of land plants and / or low maturity
Ts / Tm	GC-MS m / z 191	Wealth (also affected lithology)
Sterana C₂₉ 20S / (20S + 20R)	GC-MS m / z 217	Wealth; approaching equilibrium 0.52-0.55
Distribution of sterana C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉	GC-MS m / z 217	The source of organic material: sea algae versus land plants
Oleanane Index	GC-MS m / z 191	Flowery Crop Contributions (Permanently the Akur-Tersier Chalk)
Gammacerane index	GC-MS m / z 191	Straighten high water / collarity columns

Indications parameters follow Peters, Walters & Moldowan (2005), The Biomarker Guide. Each ratio can be affected by several factors at once, so interpretation always uses a combination of parameters, not one number.

When enough GC, when do you need GC-MS? GC gives quick picture of hydrocarbon distribution and biodegradation. For the oil correlation - parent rocks and the determination of a convincing detachment environment, the GC-MS biomarker is almost always necessary. Rock samples should be selected from the results TOC and Rock-Eval First.

BSILAB analyst works with an instrument of chromatography gas in the geochemistry lab. — An instrument of chromatography gas in a BSILAB geochemistry lab.

Analyable sample

Raw oil and condensate from a production well or test the content of layers.
Extract of parent rock from cutting, core, mental, or abbreviation.
Oil drops on the surface.

Requires a different number of samples for oil and rock. The BSILAB team will inform him when they consult.

Need an oil-mother correlation?

Tell me the purpose of your study—correlation, detachment environment, or seething origin.—And the BSILAB team will set up a proper series of analysis.

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Questions often asked

What's the difference between GC and GC-MS?

GC separates the hydrocarbon compound based on its exit time from the column and displays its profile. GC-MS added a mass spectrometer so each compound could be identified from its fragment pattern. Biomarker is like sterana and homana can only be read well using GC-MS.

What's a biomarker in oil geochemistry?

Biomarker is a fossil molecule in oil or a rock whose structure still reflects the origin of organisms, for example, a sterana of algae and a homapana of bacteria. The pattern was used as a fingerprint to track the origin of oil, the detachment environment, and the level of rigidity.

What is m / z 191 and m / z 217?

Both are ion fragments being monitored on GC-MS. Ion m / z 191 featuring floored groups like hopane, tricyclic floored, oleanane, and gammacerane. Ion m / z 217 display sterana. These two chromatograms are the main correlation of oil and parent rock.

Can GC-MS be used to track the source of the spill or oil seething?

I can. The fingerprints of a biomarker an oil relative to light layover, so it can be compared to a sample of the reference of a well or a suspected source. The results help determine whether two possible samples are from the same source.

Peters, K.E., Walters, C.C. & Moldowan, J.M. (2005). The Biomarker Guide, the 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.